Bourbon. The word alone calls to mind images of amber liquid swirling in a glass, releasing aromas of caramel, vanilla, and oak. As America’s native spirit, it’s a drink rooted in history, craftsmanship, and tradition. And whether you’re new to the spirit or a seasoned aficionado, there’s always more to learn about bourbon. This is your guide to the most commonly asked questions about bourbon, offering a deeper look into the beloved whiskey.

 

1. What exactly is bourbon?


At its core, bourbon is a type of American whiskey. However, it follows strict guidelines that distinguish it from other whiskeys. To legally be called bourbon, it must meet the following criteria:

  • Made in the U.S.: Bourbon can only be produced within the United States.
  • Mash Bill: The "mash bill," the recipe of grains used to make the whiskey, must contain at least 51% corn.
  • Distillation: The spirit must be distilled to no more than 160 proof (80% alcohol by volume).
  • Barrel Aging: Bourbon must be aged in new, charred oak barrels.
  • Bottling Proof: It must be bottled at no less than 80 proof (40% ABV).

These regulations may seem strict, but they’re exactly what give bourbon its distinct character, unique flavor, and timeless appeal.

 

2. Where is bourbon made?


While bourbon can legally be made anywhere in the United States, Kentucky is its undisputed home. Over 95% of all bourbon comes from Kentucky, thanks to its favorable climate, abundant cornfields, and the presence of limestone-filtered water, all of which contribute to the quality of the spirit. That said, distilleries across the country are producing high-quality bourbon, a testament to the versatility and adaptability of this American whiskey.

 

3. What is the difference between bourbon and whiskey?


The terms "whiskey" and "bourbon" are often used interchangeably, but they are not the same. Whiskey is a broad category encompassing spirits made from fermented grains, while bourbon is a specific type of whiskey with its own set of rules. Think of it this way: all bourbon is whiskey, but not all whiskey is bourbon. Other types of whiskey include Scotch whisky, Irish whiskey, rye whiskey, and Tennessee whiskey, each with their own unique production methods and characteristics.

 

4. How is bourbon made?


The journey from grain to glass is a complex and fascinating process. It starts with selecting and milling the grains—primarily corn—which are mixed with water and yeast to create a mash. Once the mash ferments, converting sugars into alcohol, it becomes distiller’s beer which is then distilled to remove impurities and concentrate the alcohol, resulting in a clear spirit known as "white dog." From there, it’s transferred into new, charred oak barrels, where it slowly develops its amber color and complex flavors over time. Finally, the bourbon is bottled, often after blending different barrels to achieve a consistent profile.

 

5. What does "straight bourbon whiskey" mean?


The term "straight bourbon whiskey" indicates that the bourbon has met additional requirements beyond the basic regulations. To be labeled as such, the bourbon must:

  • Be aged for at least two years in new, charred oak barrels
  • Contain no added coloring, flavoring, or other spirits (only water may be added to adjust the proof)

Straight bourbon is often considered a higher quality designation, as it signifies a more mature and unadulterated spirit.

 

6. How long is bourbon aged?


There is no minimum aging requirement for bourbon, except for "straight bourbon," which must be aged for at least two years. Most bourbons, however, are aged for several years (typically between four and eight) to develop their full flavor. The aging process is crucial, as it allows the spirit to interact with the charred oak barrels, extracting flavors and aromas that contribute to the complexity of bourbon.

 

7. What does "sour mash" mean?


"Sour mash" refers to a specific technique used in the fermentation process of some bourbons. It involves adding a portion of the leftover mash from a previous fermentation to the new mash. This helps to create a more consistent and controlled fermentation environment, as well as contribute to the flavor profile of the bourbon. While not all bourbons use the sour mash process, it is a common practice among many distilleries.

 

8. What is the difference between bourbon and Scotch?


Bourbon and Scotch are both whiskeys, but their ingredients, production methods, and flavor profiles set them apart. Bourbon is an American whiskey made primarily from corn and aged in new, charred oak barrels. Scotch, on the other hand, is made in Scotland and primarily distilled from malted barley and aged in used oak barrels. These differences result in distinct flavor profiles, with bourbon often exhibiting sweeter notes of caramel and vanilla, while Scotch tends to have more smoky and peaty characteristics.

 

9. How should I drink bourbon?


There is no right or wrong way to enjoy bourbon. It can be enjoyed neat (without any additions), on the rocks (with ice), or in a variety of cocktails. The best way to drink bourbon is the way you enjoy it most. However, for those new to bourbon, starting with it neat or on the rocks can help you appreciate the complex flavors of the spirit. As you become more familiar with bourbon, you can explore different cocktails and find your preferred way to savor this iconic American whiskey.

 

10. What are some popular bourbon brands?


The world of bourbon offers a wide array of brands, each with its own unique expressions and flavor profiles. Some popular and well-regarded bourbon brands include:

  • Buffalo Trace: Known for its consistent quality, sought-after releases, and wide range of offerings.
  • Maker's Mark: A wheated bourbon with a smooth and approachable flavor.
  • Woodford Reserve: A premium bourbon with a rich and complex profile.
  • Four Roses: Offers a variety of bourbons with different mash bills and flavor profiles.
  • Wild Turkey: A bold and high-rye bourbon with a robust character.


This is just a small sample of the many excellent bourbon brands available. Exploring different brands and expressions is a great way to discover your personal taste and deepen your appreciation for this American spirit.


Experience Bourbon in the Heart of the Bluegrass


Planning a visit to Kentucky’s Bourbon Country? Start your journey in Lexington, also known as Bourbonland. Located in the heart of the Bluegrass, Lexington is an Official Gateway city to the Bourbon Trail, full of vibrant cocktail bars, top distilleries, and local breweries—all just a short drive from some of the world’s most iconic bourbon makers. 

Start your journey to Bourbonland. Download our Bourbon Pocket Guide.